Reflexive Pronouns（再帰代名詞）

Reflexive Pronouns

**update:
主語と同一物を表す人称代名詞を伴う動詞を再帰動詞と呼び、

alzarsi の現在形

mi alzo	ci alziamo
ti alzi	vi alzate
si alza	si alzano

mi、ti、si、ci、vi、si を再帰代名詞という。

*update:
accorgersi di ～ ～に気がつく di ～ -> ne
[現在] mi accorgo di ～, ti accorgi di ～
-> me ne accorgo, te ne accorgi, ... 「そのことに気がつく」
[近過去] mi sono accorto di ～, ti sei accorto di ～
-> me ne sono accorto/a, te ne sei accorto/a

update: (NHK Text)

[現在]	[近過去]《essere + 過去分詞》
mi diverto	mi sono	divertito/a; stancato/a
ti diverti	ti sei
si diverte	si e
ci divertiamo	ci siamo	divertito/a; stancato/a
vi divertite	vi siete
si divertono	si sono

Ti diverti?	たのしい？
- Si, mi diverto molto.	- ええ、とっても。
Vi siete divertiti?	たのしかった？
- Si, ci siamo divertiti molto.	- ええ、とっても。
ma ci siamo un po' stancati.	でも、ちょっと疲れた。

[命令形]

	divertirsi	curarsi
tu	divertiti たのしんでください	curati おだいじに
Lei	si diverta	si curi
noi	divertiamoci たのしみましょう	curiamoci
voi	divertitevi	curatevi

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What is a reflexive verb (verbo riflessivo)? A verb is reflexive when the action carried out by the subject is performed on the same subject. Not all verbs are reflexive. In order to make a verb reflexive, drop the -e of its infinitive ending and add the pronoun si. For example, pettinare (to comb) becomes pettinarsi (to comb oneself) in the reflexive. Si is an additional pronoun, known as the reflexive pronoun, which is needed when conjugating reflexive verbs.

The reflexive pronouns (i pronomi reflessivi), mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si, are identical in form to direct object pronouns, except for the third-person form si (which is the same in the singular and in the plural). The following table includes the reflexive pronouns in Italian.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

PERSON	SINGULAR	PLURAL
I	mi (myself)	ci (ourselves)
II	ti (yourself)	vi (yourselves)
III	si (himself; herself; itself; yourself, formal)	si (themselves; yourselves, formal)

To see how reflexive pronouns work with verbs, see a sample conjugation of lavarsi (to wash oneself) in the table below.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB LAVARSI (TO WASH ONESELF)

PERSON	SINGULAR	PLURAL
I	(io) mi lavo	(noi) ci laviamo
II	(tu) ti lavi	(voi) vi lavate
III	(lui, lei, Lei) si lava	(loro, Loro) si lavano

Just like direct object pronouns, reflexive pronouns are placed before a conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive. Note that the reflexive pronoun agrees with the subject even when attached to the infinitive:

Mi alzo. (I'm getting up.) Voglio alzarmi./Mi voglio alzare. (I want to get up.)

Mi, ti, si, and vi may drop the i before another vowel or an h and replace it with an apostrophe. Ci may drop the i only before another i or an e:

Voi v'arrabbiate facilmente. (You get angry easily.)
I ragazzi s'alzano alle sette. (The boys woke up at seven o'clock.)
A casa, m'annoio. (At home, I get bored.)

For a list of common reflexive verbs in Italian, see the following table.

COMMON REFLEXIVE VERBS

accorgersi (di)	to notice
addormentarsi	to fall asleep
alzarsi	to get up
arrabbiarsi	to get angry
chiamarsi	to be named
coprirsi	to cover oneself
divertirsi	to have fun, to enjoy oneself
farsi il bagno	to bathe oneself
farsi la doccia	to take a shower
farsi male	to get hurt, hurt oneself
innamorarsi (di)	to fall in love with
lavarsi	to wash oneself
laurearsi	to graduate
mettersi	to put (clothing) on
pettinarsi	to comb one's hair
radersi	to shave
sbarbarsi	to shave
sedersi	to sit down
sentirsi	to feel
spogliarsi	to undress
sposarsi (con)	to get married
svegliarsi	to wake up
vestirsi	to get dressed

Remember that some reflexive verbs can be used nonreflexively—without the reflexive pronouns. In this case, their meaning changes:

Tu ti alzi. (You get up.)
Tu alzi la sedia. (You lift the chair.)

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