Sample Dialog (15)

- Signor Antonio, spero che verrà con me a teatro.
- Grazie. Però, questo pomeriggio dovrò andare a Novara per affari. Che cosa si dà al teatro?
- La commedia del Pirandello, 《Enrico IV》.
- Oh, proprio quello che desideravo vedere.
- Se non le dispiace, andiamo la sera.
- Va bene. D'accordo. Quando sarò ritornato da Novara, Le telefonerò subito.

*proprio = 本当に、まさに

venire	dovere	essere	telefonare
verrò	dovrò	sarò	telefonerò
verrai	dovrai	sarai	telefonerai
verrà	dovrà	sarà	telefonerà
verremo	dovremo	saremo	telefoneremo
verrete	dovrete	sarete	telefonerete
verranno	dovranno	saranno	telefoneranno

Far fare

Far fare

(A Special Infinitive Construction)

Far fare, "to make to do" something, is used when the subject of the action has another person perform the action for him or her. For example, you have a hairdresser cut your hair for you or a mechanic fix the car for you.

Faccio tagliare i capelli alla parucchiera.
Faccio riparare la macchina al meccanico.

Since fare is a transitive verb and since there is always something (object, part of body) you have done for you, this construction will always have a direct object. In the above examples, i capelli (the hair) and la macchina (the car) are the direct objects. The person who did the action for you is shown in indirect object form (alla parucchiera, al meccanico). This person need not necessarily be mentioned.

Contrast:
Faccio riparare la macchina. = I have the car repaired.
Faccio ripararla al meccanico. = I have it repaired by the mechanic.

Source: The Italian Program at the University of Kentucky

Verb Giocare

Verb Giocare

The verb giocare means "to play," in the sense of playing a game or a sport. When referring to sports, it is usually followed by the Italian preposition a:

I bambini giocano sull spiaggia. (The children play on the beach.)
Mario e Carlo giocano a carte. (Mario and Carlo play cards.)
Paola gioca molto bene a tennis. (Paola plays tennis very well.)

The phrase giocare d'azzardo means "to gamble":

Pietro gioca d'azzardo e perde sempre. (Pietro gambles and always loses.)

Source

Verbs Tornare, Restituire, Riportare

Verbs Tornare, Restituire, Riportare

Sometimes the only way to tell the difference between two words with the same literal meaning is to observe how they are used in practice. Tornare, restituire, and riportare all mean "to return," but each has a slightly different shade of meaning.

Tornare means "to return" in the sense of coming back from somewhere. It is interchangeable with ritornare:

Torno dall'Italia. (I'm returning from Italy.)
Le ragazze ritornano stasera. (The girls are coming back tonight.)

Restituire means "to return" in the sense of giving something back:

Mi ha restituito il denaro che mi doveva. (He returned the money he owed me.)

And riportare means "to return" in the sense of bringing or taking something back:

Mi hanno riportato i libri. (They returned my books.)
Hai riportato i libri in biblioteca? (Did you return the books to the library?)

Source

Verb Pensare

Verb Pensare

Have an opinion about something or someone? Use the term pensare a or pensare di, which both mean "to think about." Take a look at a few examples in Italian:

In questi giorni penso a mia nonna perché è malata. (Nowadays I think about my grandmother because she is ill.)
Che cosa pensi di quella macchina sportiva? (What do you think about the sportscar?; What is your opinion about that sportscar?)
Spesso pensiamo ai nostri cugini che vivono in Italia. (We often think about our cousins who live in Italy.)
Giovanna, dimmi la verità! Cosa pensi dell'esame? (Giovanna, tell me the truth! What do you think about the exam?; What is your opinion?)

Source

Verb Mettersi

Verb Mettersi

Mettersi (to put or place) is another versatile verb that's used in a variety of idiomatic expressions. Increase your word power by using the phrases listed below in daily conversation.

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS USING METTERSI

mettercela tutto	to do one's best
mettersi a confronto	to compare
mettersi a sedere	to seat oneself
mettersi al brutto	to turn nasty
mettersi giù	to put (or lay) down
mettersi innanzi	to produce
mettersi insieme	to put together
mettersi sotto	to put underneath
mettersi su casa	to set up house
mettersi via	to put away

The verb mettersi can also be used for activities: mettersi a mangiare (start/begin to eat), mettersi a dormire (go to sleep), mettersi a gridare (start/begin to shout), mettersi a piangere (start/begin to cry).

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Verbs Sapere and Conoscere

Verbs Sapere and Conoscere

The verbs sapere and conoscere both mean "to know," but have different implications. Sapere means "to know," "to be able to," or "to know how to." Take a look at these examples with the io form of sapere:

So la lezione. (I know the lesson.)
So cantare. (I know how to sing; I am able to sing.)

Conoscere means to know, to be acquainted with, or to make the acquaintance of:

Io conosco Francesca a casa di Giuseppe. (I met Francesca at Giuseppe's house.) Non conosciamo la città. (We don't know the city.)

Source

Verb Fare and Idiomatic Expressions

Verb Fare and Idiomatic Expressions
Irregular in the Present Tense

Fare, since it is derived from facere, a Latin verb of the second conjugation, is considered an irregular second conjugation verb. It does not follow the regular pattern of conjugation (infinitive stem + endings).

Fare (to do, to make) is conjugated as follows:
io faccio
tu fai
lui fa
noi facciamo
voi fate
loro fanno

Fare also has an irregular past participle: fatto.

The Weather - Il Tempo
The verb fare is used in many expressions relating to the weather.

Che tempo fa? (How is the weather?)
Fa bel tempo. (The weather is nice.)
Fa cattivo tempo. (The weather is bad.)
Ha fatto caldo. (It has been warm.)
Qui fa sempre freddo. (It's always cold here.)
In primavera fa sempre fresco. (In spring it's always cool.)

Note!: In the preceding examples, it is an impersonal subject and is not translated into Italian.

The verb fare expresses the basic idea of doing or making, as in fare gli esercizi and fare il letto, but it is also used in many idioms.

fare i compiti - to do one's homework
fare il biglietto - to purchase a ticket
fare la fila/la coda - stand on line/wait on line
fare la spesa - to go grocery shopping
fare le spese - to go shopping
fare forca - to play hookey
fare vedere - to show someone something
fare una domanda - to ask a question
fare una fotografia - to take a picture
fare una passeggiata - to take a walk
fare colazione - to have breakfast
fare un viaggio - to take a trip
fare un capello - in quattro to split hairs
farsi la barba - to shave
farsi coraggio - to take heart
fare castelli - in aria to daydream
fare fingere - to pretend, make believe
fare male - to be painful, to ache
farsi in là - to step to one side
fare di tutto - to do everything possible
fare del proprio meglio - to do one's best
farsi degli amici - to make friends
fare alla romana - to split the check
fare il pieno - to fill up the gas tank
fare passare - to let through

Besides idiomatic expressions, the verb fare is used in a number of proverbs.

Fare e disfare è tutt'un lavorare. — It's all go, it's a hard life.
Chi la fa l'aspetti. — You will get as good as you gave.
Chi fa da sé fa per tre. — If you want something done, do it yourself.
Non fare agli altri ciò che non vorresti fosse fatto a te. — Do as you would be done by.
Tutto fa brodo. — Every little bit helps.
Chi non sa fare, non sa comandare. — A bad worker is a bad master.

Source

Verb Fare

Verb Fare

The verb fare expresses the basic idea of doing or making, as in fare gli esercizi (to do the exercises) and fare il letto (to make the bed), but it is also used in many idioms.

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WITH FARE

fare i compiti	to do one's homework
fare il biglietto	to purchase a ticket
fare la fila/la coda	to stand on line/wait on line
fare la spesa	to go grocery shopping
fare le spese	to go shopping
fare forca	to play hooky
fare vedere	to show someone something
fare una domanda	to ask a question
fare una fotografia	to take a picture
fare una passeggiata	to take a walk
fare colazione	to have breakfast
fare un viaggio	to take a trip
fare un capello	in quattro to split hairs
farsi la barba	to shave
farsi coraggio	to take heart
fare castelli in aria	to daydream
fare fingere	to pretend, make believe
fare male	to be painful, to ache
farsi in la	to step to one side
fare di tutto	to do everything possible
fare del proprio meglio	to do one's best
farsi degli amici	to make friends
fare alla romana	to split the check
fare il pieno	to fill up the gas tank
fare passare	to let through

Note that the infinitive fare is frequently abbreviated to far before a consonant. For example, you may say far colazione, far male, far torto. Fare is also used in many expressions relating to the weather (note that in the following translations, "it" is an impersonal subject and does not have an equivalent in Italian):

Che tempo fa? (How is the weather?)
Fa bel tempo. (The weather is nice.)
Fa cattivo tempo. (The weather is bad.)
Ha fatto caldo. (It has been warm.)
Qui fa sempre freddo. (It's always cold here.)
In primavera fa sempre fresco. (In spring it's always cool.)

Besides idiomatic expressions, and expressions relating to the weather, the verb fare is used in a number of proverbs:

Fare e disfare è tutt'un lavorare. (It's all go, it's a hard life.)
Chi la fa l'aspetti. (You will get as good as you gave.)
Chi fa da sé fa per tre. (If you want something done, do it yourself.)
Non fare agli altri ciò che non vorresti fosse fatto a te. (Do as you would be done by.)
Tutto fa brodo. (Every little bit helps.)
Chi non sa fare, non sa comandare. (A bad worker is a bad master.)

Source

Verb Avere

Verb Avere

Avere: 1 to have (got): Ho molti amici. I have many friends; 2 to have, to own: Ha una villa in campagna. He has a house in the country; 3 to have on, to wear: Maria ha un vestito nuovo. Maria has on a new dress.

Like the verb essere (to be), avere is used in myriad grammatical and linguistic situations. Learning the many conjugations and uses of the verb is crucial to the study of the Italian language.

Avere is an irregular verb (un verbo irregolare); it does not follow a predictable pattern of conjugation. The present tense (il presente) of avere is as follows:

Singolare	Plurale
(io) ho I have	(noi) abbiamo we have
(tu) hai you have (fam.)	(voi) avete you have (fam.)
(lui) ha you have	(loro) hanno they have

# Interrogative Verbs To make a verb interrogative (I have —do I have?), add a question mark to the end of the sentence in writing. In speaking, the pitch of the voice rises at the end of the sentence.

Avete un buon lavoro. You have a good job.
Avete un buon lavoro? Do you have a good job?

# If a subject (noun or pronoun) is expressed in the interrogative, it can:
— stay at the beginning of the sentence, before the verb
— go to the end of the sentence
— less frequently go immediately after the verb

Does Mario have an uncle?
Mario ha uno zio?
Ha uno zio Mario?
Ha Mario uno zio?

# The compound tenses are verb tenses, such as the passato prossimo, that consist of two words. The appropriate tense of avere or essere (called the auxiliary or helping verbs) and the past participle of the target verb forms the verb phrase.

# In general, transitive verbs are conjugated with avere. Transitive verbs express an action that carries over from the subject to the direct object: The teacher explains the lesson.

# The past participle is invariable when the passato prossimo is constructed with avere.

Oggi Anna non lavora perchè ha lavorato ieri. Today Anna isn't working because she worked yesterday.
The others worked yesterday too. Anche gli altri hanno lavorato ieri.

# When the past participle of a verb conjugated with avere is preceded by the third person direct object pronouns lo, la, le, or li, the past participle agrees with the preceding direct object pronoun in gender and number. The past participle may agree with the direct object pronouns mi, ti, ci, and vi when these precede the verb, but the agreement is not mandatory.

Ho mangiato la frittata. I have eaten the omelette.
L’ho mangiata. I have eaten it.
Ho comprato il sale e il pepe. I bought the salt and pepper.
Li ho comprati. I bought them.
Ci hanno visto (visti). They saw us.

# In negative sentences, non is placed before the auxiliary verb.

Molti non hanno pagato. Many didn't pay.
Hai ordinato un aperitivo? Did you order an aperitif?
No, non ho ordinato un aperitivo. No, I didn't order an aperitif.

# Avere is used in many idiomatic expressions (espressioni idiomatiche) that indicate people's feelings or convey physical sensations. They are formed with avere + noun. The equivalent English expressions are generally formed with to be + adjective. Here are a few common ones:

avere fame	to be hungry
avere sete	to be thirsty
avere sonno	to be sleepy
avere caldo	to be warm (hot)
avere freddo	to be cold
avere fretta	to be in a hurry
avere paura	to be afraid
avere bisogno di	to need, have need of
avere voglia di	to want, to feel like
avercela con	to have it in for
avere a che fare con	to deal with
aversela a male	to feel bad

Michele ha sempre fretta. Michael is always in a hurry.

Ho caldo. Ho voglia di un gelato. I'm hot. I feel like having ice cream.
Non capisco proprio perchè ce l'hai con me. I really don't understand why you have it in for me.
È inutile che io le parli: vuole avere a che fare solo con te. It's no use my talking to her; she only wants to deal with you.
Non avertela a male se non ti invito a quella cena. Ho già troppi invitati. Don't feel bad if I don't invite you to that dinner. I have too many guest already.

# The verb avere is also used to indicate age:

avere + number + anni
to be ...years old

Quanti anni hai? How old are you?
Ho diciotto anni. I'm eighteen.
Questo cane è vecchio, ha dieci anni. This dog is old, it is ten years old.

Source

Verb Essere

Verb Essere

update:
受動態には次の二つの型がある。
1)《助動詞　essere + 他動詞の過去分詞》
Giorgio è amato da tutti.
La finestra è sempre aperta.
「～によって」は前置詞 da を用いる。

2)《si + 他動詞能動態》
Si vede el mare.
Si vendono molti libri.

---

Essere: 1 to be: La bambina è piccola. The child is small; Chi è? - Sono io. Who is it? - It's me; Siamo noi. it's us. 2 to be: Che ore sono? - Sono le quattro. What time is it? - It is four o'clock;

And on and on, for more than a page, in the Harper Collins Sansoni Italian Dictionary. As in English, essere is used in myriad grammatical and linguistic situations. Learning the many conjugations and uses of the verb is crucial to the study of the Italian language.
Essere is an irregular verb (un verbo irregolare); it does not follow a predictable pattern of conjugation. Note that the form sono is used with both io and loro. The present tense (il presente) of essere is as follows:

SINGOLARE	PLURALE
(io) sono I am	(noi) siamo we are
(tu) sei you are (fam.)	(voi) siete you are (fam.)
(Lei) è you are (form.)	(Loro) sono you are (form.)
(lui) è he is	(loro) sono they are (form.)

I Tempi Composti
The compound tenses are verb tenses, such as the passato prossimo, that consist of two words. The appropriate tense of avere or essere (called the auxiliary or helping verbs) and the past participle of the target verb forms the verb phrase.

When using essere, the past participle always agrees in gender and number with the subject of the verb. It can therefore have four endings: -o, -a, -i, -e. In many cases intransitive verbs (those that cannot take a direct object), especially those expressing motion, are conjugated with the auxiliary verb essere. The verb essere is also conjugated with itself as the auxiliary verb.

Some of the most common verbs that form compound tenses with essere include:

ITALIAN	ENGLISH
andare	to go
arrivare	to arrive
entrare	to enter
partire	to depart
restare	to stay, to remain
(ri)tornare	to return
uscire	to go out
venire	to come

Essere is used with di + name of a city to indicate city of origin (the city someone is from). To indicate country of origin, an adjective of nationality is generally used: He is from France + He is French = È francese.

Io sono di Chicago: tu di dove sei? (I'm from Chicago; where are you from?)

Essere + di + proper name is used to indicate possession. No apostrophe s is used in Italian to indicate possession: It is Anna's = It is of Anna = È di Anna.

Questa chitarra è di Beppino; non è di Vittoria. This guitar is Beppino's; it's not Vittoria's.)

To find out who the owner of something is, ask Di chi è + singular or Di chi sono + plural.

Di chi è questo cane? Di chi sono questi cani? (Whose dog is this? Whose dogs are these?)

Essere is also used as an auxiliary verb in the following cases:

— Reflexive verbs: those verbs whose action reverts to the subject, as in the following examples: I wash myself. They enjoy themselves.

— Impersonal form: as in the English equivalents one, you, we, they, or people + verb. Si mangia bene in Italia - People (They) eat well in Italy.

— Passive voice: in a passive construction the subject of the verb receives the action instead of doing it, as in the sentence: Caesar was killed by Brutus.

Source

Verb Piacere

Verb Piacere

**update (NHK Text)
Basta! Basta così.
Prendiamo tre piatti di carpaccio?
- No, ne basta uno.
- No, ne bastano due.

*update (NHK Text)
◆ mancare a + 人 => その人にとって必要なものがない
Mi manca la forchetta. Me lo può portare? (Può portarmelo?)
◆ Le dispiace ～?
Le dispiace scriverlo su questo foglio? 「この紙にそれを書いていただけますか？」（<- 書くのはおいやですか）

Potrebbe (gentilmente) scriverlo su questo foglio?
Sarebbe così gentile da scriverlo su questo foglio?
Vuole essere così gentile da scriverlo su questo foglio?

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Indirect object + verb + subject. Not your usual sentence structure, but in the case of piacere (to please, to like) that's the way it works in Italian, and here's why: In English, you say that A likes B. In Italian, though, the same meaning is understood in different terms: B pleases A. Here are some examples:

Agli italiani piace il calcio. (Italians like soccer. Literally: Soccer is pleasing to Italians.)
Ai professori piace insegnare. (Professors like teaching. Literally: Teaching is pleasing to professors.)
Mi piacciono le carote. (I like carrots. Literally: Carrots are pleasing to me.)

Note that in these examples, piacere is conjugated to match the subject of the sentence; in the first example, agli italiani piace il calcio, piacere is conjugated in the third person singular form, to match with calcio (soccer) and not with agli italiani. Other verbs that follow this construction of inversion and behave similarly to piacere are listed below.

VERBS THAT ACT LIKE PIACERE

bastare	to be sufficient, to suffice
dispiacere	to displease, to upset
mancare	to be lacking, to miss
occorrere	to require, to need
servire	to serve, to be of use

Source

Verbs Potere, Volere, Dovere

Verbs Potere, Volere, Dovere

Potere
In the present indicative tense, potere means "to be able to" or "can." For example:

Posso uscire? (May I go out?)
Posso suonare il trombone. I can (am able to) play the trombone.

In the present perfect tense, potere means "was able to, succeeded":

Ho potuto spedire il pacco. (I was able to mail the package.)
Non sono potuti venire più presto. (They could not come earlier, but they tried.)

In the conditional tenses (condizionale presente and condizionale passato), this verb may be translated as "could," "would be able to," "could have," or "could have been able to":

Potrei arrivare alle tre. (I was able to arrive at three o'clock; I would be able to arrive at three o'clock.)
Avrei potuto farlo facilmente. (I could have done it easily; I would have been able to do it easily.)

Volere
In the present indicative, volere means "want":

Voglio quell'automobile. (I want that car.)

In the present perfect (conversational past), volere is used in the sense of "decided, refused to":

Ho voluto farlo. (I wanted to do it - I decided to do it.)
Marco non ha voluto finirlo. (Mark didn't want to do it; Mark refused to do it.)

In the conditional, volere means "would like":

Vorrei un bicchiere di latte. (I would like a glass of milk.)
Vorrei visitare i nonni. (I would like to visit my grandparents.)

Dovere
The present indicative forms of dovere translate as "owe":

Gli devo la mia gratitudine. (I owe him my gratitude.)
Ti devo venti dollari. (I owe you twenty dollars.)

In the conditional tenses, however, dovere carries the meaning "should" or "ought to." For example:

Dovrei finire i compiti di scuola a tempo. (I should/ought to finish my homework on time.)
Avrei dovuto telefonarle immediatamente. (I should have/ought to have telephoned her immediately.)

**update: (NHK Text)
◆ Può ～?/ Puoi ～?（potere 二人称：疑問形）
「～していただけますか」

(io)	posso
(tu)	puoi
(Lei, lui, lei)	può
(noi)	possiamo
(voi)	potete
(Loro, loro)	possono

Posso ～?
Posso parlare con Rita?
Posso lasciare un messaggio?

*update: (NHK Text)
親しい人に、丁寧に頼む場合：
Ti dispiace fare silenzio?「悪いけど黙っててくれない？」
Potresti gentilmente fare silenzio?
Saresti così gentile da fare silenzio?
Vuoi essere così gentile da fare silenzio?

Source