Sample Dialog (10)

- A che ora ti alzi ogni mattina?
- Mi alzo alle sei e mezzo, ma la domenica mi sveglio un po' più tardi.
- Cosa fai per la prima cosa la domenica mattina?
- Appena mi alzo, vado alla finestra a vedere che tempo fa.
- Come ti senti se piove?
- Mi sento un poco triste. Ma mi piace anche stare in casa; mi diverto guardando la televisione.

svegliarsi = 目を覚ます
sentirsi = 感じる、気がする
divertirsi = 楽しむ

alzarsi
mi alzo		ci alziamo
ti alzi		vi alzate
si alza		si alzano

再帰動詞・非人称動詞

1. 再帰動詞

主語と同一物を表す人称代名詞を伴う動詞を再帰動詞という。

mi alzo	ci alziamo
ti alzi	vi alzate
si alza	si alzano

mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si = 再帰代名詞

再帰動詞には次の四つの種類がある：

1) 本質的再帰動詞
主語の動作が直接に主語自身に及ぶもので、再帰代名詞は直接補語である。

• alzarsi(起きる）
• chiamarsi(名前は...である）
• fermarsi(止まる）
• divertirsi(楽しむ）

2) 形式的再帰動詞

• mettersi l'abito(服を着る）
• farsi la barba(ひげを剃る）
• togliersi le scarpe(靴を脱ぐ）
• lavarsi la faccia(顔を洗う）/ Mi lavo la faccia.

3) 代名動詞

• pentirsi(後悔する）
• accorgersi(気が付く）
• lagnarsi(不平を言う）
• Mi accorgo degli errori. 私は誤りに気が付く

4) 相互的再帰動詞
主語が複数で「互いに...し合う」を意味する。「互いに」を強調するために l'un l'altro、reciprocamente などの語を補うことがある。

• Ci salutiamo.
• Loro si aiutano reciprocamente.

2. 非人称動詞
非人称動詞とは三人称単数形だけをもち、主語を取らない動詞である。

1) 気象現象を表すもの

• piove (← piovere) 雨が降る
• tuona (← tuonare) 雷が鳴る
• nevica (← nevicare) 雪が降る
• fa bel tempo

2) その他のもの

• bisogna + 不定詞（または、che + 文）...する必要がある
• basta + 不定詞（または、che + 文）...すれば十分だ
• accade + che + 文 ...という事態が起こる
• pare + che + 文　...のように見える

Reflexive Pronouns（再帰代名詞）

Reflexive Pronouns

**update:
主語と同一物を表す人称代名詞を伴う動詞を再帰動詞と呼び、

alzarsi の現在形

mi alzo	ci alziamo
ti alzi	vi alzate
si alza	si alzano

mi、ti、si、ci、vi、si を再帰代名詞という。

*update:
accorgersi di ～ ～に気がつく di ～ -> ne
[現在] mi accorgo di ～, ti accorgi di ～
-> me ne accorgo, te ne accorgi, ... 「そのことに気がつく」
[近過去] mi sono accorto di ～, ti sei accorto di ～
-> me ne sono accorto/a, te ne sei accorto/a

update: (NHK Text)

[現在]	[近過去]《essere + 過去分詞》
mi diverto	mi sono	divertito/a; stancato/a
ti diverti	ti sei
si diverte	si e
ci divertiamo	ci siamo	divertito/a; stancato/a
vi divertite	vi siete
si divertono	si sono

Ti diverti?	たのしい？
- Si, mi diverto molto.	- ええ、とっても。
Vi siete divertiti?	たのしかった？
- Si, ci siamo divertiti molto.	- ええ、とっても。
ma ci siamo un po' stancati.	でも、ちょっと疲れた。

[命令形]

	divertirsi	curarsi
tu	divertiti たのしんでください	curati おだいじに
Lei	si diverta	si curi
noi	divertiamoci たのしみましょう	curiamoci
voi	divertitevi	curatevi

---

What is a reflexive verb (verbo riflessivo)? A verb is reflexive when the action carried out by the subject is performed on the same subject. Not all verbs are reflexive. In order to make a verb reflexive, drop the -e of its infinitive ending and add the pronoun si. For example, pettinare (to comb) becomes pettinarsi (to comb oneself) in the reflexive. Si is an additional pronoun, known as the reflexive pronoun, which is needed when conjugating reflexive verbs.

The reflexive pronouns (i pronomi reflessivi), mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si, are identical in form to direct object pronouns, except for the third-person form si (which is the same in the singular and in the plural). The following table includes the reflexive pronouns in Italian.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

PERSON	SINGULAR	PLURAL
I	mi (myself)	ci (ourselves)
II	ti (yourself)	vi (yourselves)
III	si (himself; herself; itself; yourself, formal)	si (themselves; yourselves, formal)

To see how reflexive pronouns work with verbs, see a sample conjugation of lavarsi (to wash oneself) in the table below.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB LAVARSI (TO WASH ONESELF)

PERSON	SINGULAR	PLURAL
I	(io) mi lavo	(noi) ci laviamo
II	(tu) ti lavi	(voi) vi lavate
III	(lui, lei, Lei) si lava	(loro, Loro) si lavano

Just like direct object pronouns, reflexive pronouns are placed before a conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive. Note that the reflexive pronoun agrees with the subject even when attached to the infinitive:

Mi alzo. (I'm getting up.) Voglio alzarmi./Mi voglio alzare. (I want to get up.)

Mi, ti, si, and vi may drop the i before another vowel or an h and replace it with an apostrophe. Ci may drop the i only before another i or an e:

Voi v'arrabbiate facilmente. (You get angry easily.)
I ragazzi s'alzano alle sette. (The boys woke up at seven o'clock.)
A casa, m'annoio. (At home, I get bored.)

For a list of common reflexive verbs in Italian, see the following table.

COMMON REFLEXIVE VERBS

accorgersi (di)	to notice
addormentarsi	to fall asleep
alzarsi	to get up
arrabbiarsi	to get angry
chiamarsi	to be named
coprirsi	to cover oneself
divertirsi	to have fun, to enjoy oneself
farsi il bagno	to bathe oneself
farsi la doccia	to take a shower
farsi male	to get hurt, hurt oneself
innamorarsi (di)	to fall in love with
lavarsi	to wash oneself
laurearsi	to graduate
mettersi	to put (clothing) on
pettinarsi	to comb one's hair
radersi	to shave
sbarbarsi	to shave
sedersi	to sit down
sentirsi	to feel
spogliarsi	to undress
sposarsi (con)	to get married
svegliarsi	to wake up
vestirsi	to get dressed

Remember that some reflexive verbs can be used nonreflexively—without the reflexive pronouns. In this case, their meaning changes:

Tu ti alzi. (You get up.)
Tu alzi la sedia. (You lift the chair.)

Source

Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs(相互再帰動詞）

Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs

*update: (NHK Text)
「互いに～しあう」再帰動詞の複数形（相互再帰動詞）

会う(vedersi)	合図しあう(farsi cenni)
ci vediamo	ci facciamo cenni
vi vedete	vi fate cenni
si vedono	si fanno cenni

---

The plural reflexive pronouns ci, vi, and si are used when conjugating reciprocal reflexive verbs:

Ci scambiammo alcune informazione. (We exchanged some information.)
Vi scriveste frequentemente, dopo quell'estate. (You frequently wrote to each other after that summer.)
Si abbracciarono affettuosamente. (They embraced each other affectionately.)

Other reciprocal verbs are listed in the table below.

COMMON RECIPROCAL VERBS

abbracciarsi	to embrace each other (one another)
aiutarsi	to help each other (one another)
amarsi	to love each other (one another)
ammirarsi	to admire each other (one another)
baciarsi	to kiss each other (one another)
conoscersi	to know each other (also: to meet)
consolarsi	to comfort each other (one another)
incontrarsi	to meet (each other)
innamorarsi	to fall in love (with each other)
insultarsi	to insult each other (one another)
riconoscersi	to recognize each other (one another)
rispettarsi	to respect each other (one another)
rivedersi	to see each other again (one another)
salutarsi	to greet each other (one another)
scriversi	to write to each other (one another)
sposarsi	to get married (to each other)
vedersi	to see each other (one another)
visitarsi	to visit each other (one another)

Source

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns

In a reflexive sentence the action of the verb reverts to the subject, as in the following examples: I wash myself. They enjoy themselves. In reflexive sentences, Italian verbs, like English verbs, are conjugated with reflexive pronouns.

Reflexive pronouns (i pronomi riflessivi) are identical in form to direct object pronouns, except for the third person form si (the third person singular and plural form).

SINGULAR	PLURAL
mi (myself)	ci (ourselves)
ti (yourself)	vi (yourselves)
si (himself, herself, itself, yourself )(formal))	si (themselves, yourselves (formal))

Just like direct object pronouns, reflexive pronouns are placed before a conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive. If the infinitive is preceded by a form of dovere, potere, or volere, the reflexive pronoun is either attached to the infinitive (which drops its final –e) or placed before the conjugated verb. Note that the reflexive pronoun agrees with the subject even when attached to the infinitive.

Mi alzo. (I’m getting up.)
Voglio alzarmi. Mi voglio alzare. (I want to get up.)

Mi, ti, si, and vi may drop the i before another vowel or an h and replace it with an apostrophe. Ci may drop the i only before an i or e.

Si lava tutti i giorni. (He washes himself every day.)
Ci divertiamo molto qui. (We enjoy ourselves a lot here.)
A casa, m’annoio. (At home, I get bored.)

Source